The Republic of Uganda, with its capital city Kampala, ranks 159th out of 183 countries in the Human Development Index. Although Uganda has developed into a stable economic and political power in East Africa over the past two decades, it remains one of the poorest countries in the world. Most notably, Uganda has suffered decades of brutal civil war and unrest, with subsequent refugee movements. Radical Islam, which is spreading across the continent from North Africa, also poses a challenge in Uganda.